The Great Divergence 在線電子書 圖書標籤: 經濟史 曆史 海外中國研究 大分流 比較經濟史 經濟 漢學 中國
發表於2024-09-24
The Great Divergence 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2024
He wants to provide some "surprising" answer after rejecting previous explanations, but his answer is banal.
評分上周剛和這哥們吃瞭飯
評分歸根結底,【王國斌 彭慕蘭 Goldstone 李中清】 vs 【Elvin 黃宗智 Bryant】的戰爭核心是不是“結構 與 事件”之爭呢?前者重視的是東西方短時段“結構”中的相似性,並賦予“事件”關鍵性的意義,而後者更偏重長時段“結構”的作用和其中體現的東西方發展軌跡的根本差異。
評分議論縱橫。
評分One very long argument.
彭慕蘭(Kenneth Pomeranz),美國加利福尼亞大學爾灣分校曆史係主任、曆史和東亞語言文學教授,加州大學係統世界史研究組主任。其大部分著作圍繞著中國和比較經濟發展、農村社會變革、環境變革及政府的形成等展開研究,但也著有民間宗教史和傢庭結構及性彆角色史方麵的著作。
The Great Divergence brings new insight to one of the classic questions of history: Why did sustained industrial growth begin in Northwest Europe, despite surprising similarities between advanced areas of Europe and East Asia? As Ken Pomeranz shows, as recently as 1750, parallels between these two parts of the world were very high in life expectancy, consumption, product and factor markets, and the strategies of households. Perhaps most surprisingly, Pomeranz demonstrates that the Chinese and Japanese cores were no worse off ecologically than Western Europe. Core areas throughout the eighteenth-century Old World faced comparable local shortages of land-intensive products, shortages that were only partly resolved by trade.
Pomeranz argues that Europe's nineteenth-century divergence from the Old World owes much to the fortunate location of coal, which substituted for timber. This made Europe's failure to use its land intensively much less of a problem, while allowing growth in energy-intensive industries. Another crucial difference that he notes has to do with trade. Fortuitous global conjunctures made the Americas a greater source of needed primary products for Europe than any Asian periphery. This allowed Northwest Europe to grow dramatically in population, specialize further in manufactures, and remove labor from the land, using increased imports rather than maximizing yields. Together, coal and the New World allowed Europe to grow along resource-intensive, labor-saving paths.
Meanwhile, Asia hit a cul-de-sac. Although the East Asian hinterlands boomed after 1750, both in population and in manufacturing, this growth prevented these peripheral regions from exporting vital resources to the cloth-producing Yangzi Delta. As a result, growth in the core of East Asia's economy essentially stopped, and what growth did exist was forced along labor-intensive, resource-saving paths--paths Europe could have been forced down, too, had it not been for favorable resource stocks from underground and overseas.
彭在《大分流》中最重要的观点,是西欧通过海外殖民,并且率先使用了煤炭,解决了发展中遇到的生态限制。而中国遭遇了同样的生态限制,却在当年没有走上西欧的路。 彭指出,面临发展的生态限制,中国各地区有通过贸易来解决,但因为各地区的发展差异并不大,又没有武力强制,所...
評分 評分 評分 評分中国在历史上很长一段时间一直都是西方眼中神秘的,传言为“遍地黄金”的强大的国家。但自从在十八世纪以后,这种强大与优渥似乎渐渐发生了转移—以英国为代表的欧洲迅速发展,成为了新时代的强国。这种变化,以往的学者倾向于以欧洲为主的欧洲中心论,在“欧洲当时很强大的”...
The Great Divergence 在線電子書 pdf 下載 txt下載 epub 下載 mobi 下載 2024